703 research outputs found
A Real-time Nonlinear Model Predictive Controller for Yaw Motion Optimization of Distributed Drive Electric Vehicles
This paper proposes a real-time nonlinear model
predictive control (NMPC) strategy for direct yaw moment control
(DYC) of distributed drive electric vehicles (DDEVs). The NMPC
strategy is based on a control-oriented model built by integrating
a single track vehicle model with the Magic Formula (MF) tire
model. To mitigate the NMPC computational cost, the
continuation/generalized minimal residual (C/GMRES) algorithm
is employed and modified for real-time optimization. Since the
traditional C/GMRES algorithm cannot directly solve the
inequality constraint problem, the external penalty method is
introduced to transform inequality constraints into an
equivalently unconstrained optimization problem. Based on the
Pontryagin’s minimum principle (PMP), the existence and
uniqueness for solution of the proposed C/GMRES algorithm are
proven. Additionally, to achieve fast initialization in C/GMRES
algorithm, the varying predictive duration is adopted so that the
analytic expressions of optimally initial solutions in C/GMRES
algorithm can be derived and gained. A Karush-Kuhn-Tucker
(KKT) condition based control allocation method distributes the
desired traction and yaw moment among four independent
motors. Numerical simulations are carried out by combining
CarSim and Matlab/Simulink to evaluate the effectiveness of the
proposed strategy. Results demonstrate that the real-time NMPC
strategy can achieve superior vehicle stability performance,
guarantee the given safety constraints, and significantly reduce the
computational efforts
Selective Refinement Network for High Performance Face Detection
High performance face detection remains a very challenging problem,
especially when there exists many tiny faces. This paper presents a novel
single-shot face detector, named Selective Refinement Network (SRN), which
introduces novel two-step classification and regression operations selectively
into an anchor-based face detector to reduce false positives and improve
location accuracy simultaneously. In particular, the SRN consists of two
modules: the Selective Two-step Classification (STC) module and the Selective
Two-step Regression (STR) module. The STC aims to filter out most simple
negative anchors from low level detection layers to reduce the search space for
the subsequent classifier, while the STR is designed to coarsely adjust the
locations and sizes of anchors from high level detection layers to provide
better initialization for the subsequent regressor. Moreover, we design a
Receptive Field Enhancement (RFE) block to provide more diverse receptive
field, which helps to better capture faces in some extreme poses. As a
consequence, the proposed SRN detector achieves state-of-the-art performance on
all the widely used face detection benchmarks, including AFW, PASCAL face,
FDDB, and WIDER FACE datasets. Codes will be released to facilitate further
studies on the face detection problem.Comment: The first two authors have equal contributions. Corresponding author:
Shifeng Zhang ([email protected]
A Computationally Efficient Path Following Control Strategy of Autonomous Electric Vehicles with Yaw Motion Stabilization
his paper proposes a computationally efficient path following control strategy of autonomous electric vehicles (AEVs) with yaw motion stabilization. First, the nonlinear control-oriented model including path following model, single track vehicle model, and Magic Formula tire model, are constructed. To handle the stability constraints with ease, the nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) technique is applied for path following issue. Here NMPC control problem is reasonably established with the constraints of vehicle sideslip angle, yaw rate, steering angle, lateral position error, and Lyapunov stability. To mitigate the online calculation burden, the continuation/ generalized minimal residual (C/GMRES) algorithm is adopted. The deadzone penalty functions are employed for handling the inequality constraints and holding the smoothness of solution. Moreover, the varying predictive duration is utilized in this paper so as to fast gain the good initial solution by numerical algorithm. Finally, the simulation validations are carried out, which yields that the proposed strategy can achieve desirable path following and vehicle stability efficacy, while greatly reducing the computational burden compared with the NMPC controllers by active set algorithm or interior point algorithm
Relational Learning for Joint Head and Human Detection
Head and human detection have been rapidly improved with the development of
deep convolutional neural networks. However, these two tasks are often studied
separately without considering their inherent correlation, leading to that 1)
head detection is often trapped in more false positives, and 2) the performance
of human detector frequently drops dramatically in crowd scenes. To handle
these two issues, we present a novel joint head and human detection network,
namely JointDet, which effectively detects head and human body simultaneously.
Moreover, we design a head-body relationship discriminating module to perform
relational learning between heads and human bodies, and leverage this learned
relationship to regain the suppressed human detections and reduce head false
positives. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, we annotate head
bounding boxes of the CityPersons and Caltech-USA datasets, and conduct
extensive experiments on the CrowdHuman, CityPersons and Caltech-USA datasets.
As a consequence, the proposed JointDet detector achieves state-of-the-art
performance on these three benchmarks. To facilitate further studies on the
head and human detection problem, all new annotations, source codes and trained
models will be public
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Closed-loop Characterization of Noise and Stability in a Mode-localized Resonant MEMS Sensor.
This paper presents results from the closed-loop characterization of an electrically coupled mode-localized sensor topology including measurements of amplitude ratios over long duration, stability, noise floor and the bandwidth of operation. The sensitivity of the prototype sensor is estimated to be -5250 in the linear operation regime. An input-referred stability of 84ppb with respect to normalized stiffness perturbations is achieved at 500s. When compared to frequency shift sensing within the same device, amplitude ratio sensing provides higher resolution for long term measurements due to the intrinsic common mode rejection properties of a mode-localized system. A theoretical framework is established to quantify noise floor associated with measurements validated through numerical simulations and experimental data. In addition, the operating bandwidth of the sensor is found to be 3.5Hz for 3dB flatness
Results of a cluster randomized controlled trial to promote the use of respiratory protective equipment among migrant workers exposed to organic solvents in small and medium-sized enterprises
Background: Existing evidence shows an urgent need to improve respiratory protective equipment (RPE) use, and more so among migrant workers in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a behavioral intervention in promoting the appropriate use of RPE among internal migrant workers (IMWs) exposed to organic solvents in SMEs. Methods: A cluster randomized controlled trial was conducted among 1211 IMWs from 60 SMEs in Baiyun district in Guangzhou, China. SMEs were deemed eligible if organic solvents were constantly used in the production process and provided workers with RPE. There were 60 SMEs randomized to three interventions on a 1:1:1 ratio, namely a top-down intervention (TDI), a comprehensive intervention, and a control group which did not receive any intervention. IMWs in the comprehensive intervention received a module encompassing three intervention activities: An occupational health education and training component (lectures and leaflets/posters), an mHealth component in the form of messages illustrative pictures and short videos, and a peer education component. The TDI incorporated two intervention activities, namely the mHealth and occupational health education and training components. The primary outcome was the self-reported appropriate RPE use among IMWs, defined as using an appropriate RPE against organic solvents at all times during the last week before measurement. Secondary outcomes included IMWs’ occupational health knowledge, attitude towards RPE use, and participation in occupational health check-ups. Data were collected and assessed at baseline, and three and six months of the intervention. Generalized linear mixed models were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the trial. Results: Between 3 August 2015 and 29 January 2016, 20 SMEs with 368 IMWs, 20 SMEs with 390 IMWs, and 20 SMEs with 453 IMWs were assigned to the comprehensive intervention, the TDI, and the control group, respectively. At three months, there were no significant differences in the primary and secondary outcomes among the three groups. At six months, IMWs in both intervention groups were more likely to appropriately use RPE than the control group (comprehensive intervention: Adjusted odds ratio: 2.99, 95% CI: 1.75–5.10, p < 0.001; TDI: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.17–3.11, and p = 0.009). Additionally, compared with the control group, the comprehensive intervention also improved all three secondary outcomes. Conclusions: Both comprehensive and top-down interventions were effective in promoting the appropriate use of RPE among IMWs in SMEs. The comprehensive intervention also enhanced IMWs’ occupational health knowledge, attitude, and practice. Trial registration: ChiCTR-IOR-15006929. Registered on 15 August 2015.The study was funded by National Science Foundation of China (81402767), the Medical Science and Technology Research Fund of Guangdong Province (WSTJJ20140116510124198504200421), China Medical Board (13-175) and Sun Yat-sen University (15ykpy08). The sponsors are not involved in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report and in the decision to submit the paper for publication.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph1617318716pubpub1
Mammalian splicing divergence is shaped by drift, buffering in trans, and a scaling law
Alternative splicing is ubiquitous, but the mechanisms underlying its pattern of evolutionary divergence across mammalian tissues are still underexplored. Here, we investigated the cis-regulatory divergences and their relationship with tissue-dependent trans-regulation in multiple tissues of an F1 hybrid between two mouse species. Large splicing changes between tissues are highly conserved and likely reflect functional tissue-dependent regulation. In particular, micro-exons frequently exhibit this pattern with high inclusion levels in the brain. Cis-divergence of splicing appears to be largely non-adaptive. Although divergence is in general associated with higher densities of sequence variants in regulatory regions, events with high usage of the dominant isoform apparently tolerate more mutations, explaining why their exon sequences are highly conserved but their intronic splicing site flanking regions are not. Moreover, we demonstrate that non-adaptive mutations are often masked in tissues where accurate splicing likely is more important, and experimentally attribute such buffering effect to trans-regulatory splicing efficiency
HiTrust: building cross-organizational trust relationship based on a hybrid negotiation tree
Small-world phenomena have been observed in existing peer-to-peer (P2P) networks which has proved useful in the design of P2P file-sharing systems. Most studies of constructing small world behaviours on P2P are based on the concept of clustering peer nodes into groups, communities, or clusters. However, managing additional multilayer topology increases maintenance overhead, especially in highly dynamic environments. In this paper, we present Social-like P2P systems (Social-P2Ps) for object discovery by self-managing P2P topology with human tactics in social networks. In Social-P2Ps, queries are routed intelligently even with limited cached knowledge and node connections. Unlike community-based P2P file-sharing systems, we do not intend to create and maintain peer groups or communities consciously. In contrast, each node connects to other peer nodes with the same interests spontaneously by the result of daily searches
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